The Black Cat, By Edgar Allan Poe - 871 Words

Edgar Allan Poe is a world famous author who writes suspenseful/thriller story that keeps everyone interested. Three of his stories that we have read is â€Å"The Black Cat,† â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. The five questions that will be discussed is how/why does Poe have his narrator plan the murder of his victim, what is the narrators reason for killing his victim, how does the narrator dispose of the body, does the narrator know the difference between right and wrong, and finally does the story end the way you expected? The first two questions that will be discussed is how/why does Poe have his narrator plan the murder of his victim and his reasoning behind kill his victim. In â€Å"The Black Cat† the narrator plans to kill his cat because the cat becomes as the cat’s love for the narrator grows, the narrator’s hatred toward the cat grows also. Then after killing that cat he gets a second one and he also fe els the need to kill that cat too, but he does not plan this, it just a spur of the moment thing, because when he tries to kill him he kills his wife instead, and not the cat. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† the narrator plans the murder of the old man that lives in his house because the man has an eye that the narrator feels is always watching him, and he refers to it as a â€Å"vulture eye†. Over the course of eight nights the narrator plans the death of the man by watching him sleep and on the eighth night he finally decides to kill him. Finally in â€Å"The CaskShow MoreRelatedThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe1117 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe’s narrator in â€Å"The Black Cat† describes himself as a lover of animals and a man with a kind heart. But he uses his animals and alcoholism as an excuse for his perverse behavior. However, Poe drops hints though out the narrative to tell a different story. His violence towards animals tells the sto ry of an irrational man who weeps while hanging his cat. Therefore, Poe employs the narrator to show the human tendency to use scapegoats to shift blame for the wrong thing we do. The narratorRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe885 Words   |  4 Pagesobserve. An example of these observation and hands on applications would be Edgar Allan Poe, a writer and a poet, whom would be absolutely intrigued in these behaviors. His unique interpretation of the human mind could be seen in â€Å"The Black Cat.† In this short story Edgar Allan Poe embeds himself as the protagonist who are mere victims of the complexities of the mind known as revenge, anger, and perversity. â€Å"The Black Cat† shows the vital side effects of the mind recognized as revenge, anger, andRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe1778 Words   |  8 Pagesmonster up within the tomb† (Poe 32). This is the ending of Edgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Black Cat.† This story is one of the many famous short stories Poe has written in his life time. However, this story, in particular, captivities the horror and frightening works of his display. Having his personal history and short story at hand, will help his audience to understand some of his guilty pleasures. In this Critical Analysis Essay, the composition of â€Å"The Black Cat† will be revealed by connectingRead MoreThe Black Cat, By Edgar Allan Poe1240 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature, D.H. Lawrence condemns Americans for dodging their true selves by means of intellectualization and idealization. Both Edgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Black Cat† and Nathaniel Ha wthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† feature allegorical representations of characters deceiving themselves in order to deny the darker aspects of their inner selves. In Poe’s â€Å"The Black Cat,† the narrator denies the darker aspects of his soul by abstracting his horrific actions with spectral evidence in order to externalizeRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe Essay917 Words   |  4 Pagesreality.† - Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is known for his dark and thought-provoking horror stories. In particular, The Black Cat does just that. The story focuses on the rationalizations of the horrific actions of the narrator. A black cat is introduced to pounce down on the rationalization of the narrator’s actions. Edgar Allan Poe also constructs a story where the main basis of the narrator’s decisions are ethical egoism and the principles of conscience. Poe constructs the black cat as the conscienceRead MoreThe Black Cat, By Edgar Allan Poe1900 Words   |  8 Pagesportion of his life writing these kind of stories. Edgar Allan Poe was influenced by his own life experiences, social normalities of the early 19th century, and used literary devices to write horrific works such as The Black Cat, The Raven, and Berenice. Edgar Allan Poe wrote the short story The Black Cat in 1843. The story starts out fairly normal, but very quickly spirals into a horrendous chain of events. The narrator of the story has a cat that he adaores at first, but then he grows irritatedRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe Black Cat Gothic Analysis In Edgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Black Cat† (1843), Poe creates a gothic narrative that exceeds the suspicions of the audiences predeterminations. Throughout the entirety of his piece Poe creates a scene that continuously leaves his readers wondering what was happening next. Suspicion being a key factor in gothic tales is only one strategy Poe used to illuminate the story of an unnamed psychopath and his attempts to either clear his conscious or set the recordRead MoreThe Black Cat, By Edgar Allan Poe1202 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is prominent for his literacy style of horror and mystery, in which he had written an innumerable number of short stories and poems in his lifetime. Evidently, many of his writings like, â€Å"The Black Cat,† â€Å"William Wilson,† and â€Å"The Raven,† share the same style, as their protagonists’ demonstrated a paucity of reliability. Readers often become engaged with how the main character o f each text showed their rivulet of tales that seem to be quite fictitious. Available evidence suggestsRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe1142 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter survives eight shots to the torso, all happy endings. Edgar Allan Poe isn’t like that. Most of his characters are dark and insane. They have one last shred of sanity then they refuse to keep it and then they end up going insane, much like the characters in The Black Cat, The Raven, and A Tell-Tale Heart. All three the men reach insanity. In The Black Cat a man expresses his passion over all animals. He has a gorgeous black cat named Pluto,his prized possession. Years later this man has aRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe1243 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Black Cat,† Edgar Allan Poe states the nameless narrator is in a prison cell, retelling his story of his struggles from the abuse of alcoholism, perverseness, and animal cruelty. He was married to his beautiful wife and had a variety of pet animals. The narrator starts to talk about his beloved black cat, Pluto, and how he believes it’s evil and the reason for his crazy actions. He came home drunk one day assuming his cat was avoiding him. He tried to grab his cat, but with fear, the cat nipped

The Psychology Skinner And The Events That Fits With...

Abstract Cultural influence, the environment, surroundings, and the events tragic or otherwise influence a person’s development throughout their life span. These developments can affect a person’s personality and the way that they may behave. This paper will take a look at all of these aspects and how exactly they play a role in a person’s development. This paper will focus on the psychologist B.F. Skinner and the events that he went through during his life and how is affected his personality and behaviors. This paper will also take a look at Freud’s view of psychoanalytic perspective and how that fits in with Skinner’s life. This paper will look at two other personality perspectives and analyze how it fits with Skinner’s development†¦show more content†¦Major Events/ Cultural Influences Burrhus Frederic Skinner otherwise called B.F. Skinner was born in March 1904, in Susquehanna, PA. B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist and behaviorist. Skinner came from a very strict household where both of his parents were very stern. Even though his parents were strict, Skinner grew up in a loving, secure, where his family tried to instill righteousness and morals into their children’s lives. When Skinner was younger he loved to be outside and was always building things with his hands. Since early childhood Skinner had an interest with animals and why they behave the way that they do. This followed him into his adulthood and even helped him develop the principles of operant conditioning. Operant Conditioning is a type of â€Å"learning in which reinforcement, which is contingent upon the occurrence of a particular response; increase the probability that the same response will occur again† (Feist Feist, 2009). Through precise control of the environme nt, Skinner was able to modify the behavior of animal subjects. B.F. Skinner believed that a person behaves and act the way that they do because of the environment they came from or the events that has happened in their own lives. Not only while they are a kid but throughout their whole life. Also the kind of involvements that parents decide to have in their kids’ lives can also have

Review of related lit and studies Free Essays

According to Manfred Ours Koch (2011 who compiled a lot of studies involving meal combinations, having a great meal combination won’t just give the customer the satisfaction they deserve but it will also give the right benefits that the body needs even if the said meals are comprised by simple ingredients. Poor meal combinations might cause the enlargement of the intestine and can be the cause of excess eating that leads to obesity. According to Fatima (201 1), Operational decisions and actions related to menu such as standardizing and offering a consistent quality, minimizing arrive failures, accurately predicting demand to menu items, and assuring food safety are essential components of providing a prosperous meal experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of related lit and studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, customers may be dissatisfied when their orders are delayed or cannot be served due to shortage of ingredients because of poor sales forecasting. Moreover, customers who are attentive to food safety issues may assess all visible cues such as cleanliness of utensils, serving temperature and personal hygiene of service staff in order to be certain the safety level of food and these assessments may influence their satisfaction tit meal experience. Penmen – Malice said in his blob in POS Sector for Restaurants and Bars that dishes from the menu combos are the best selling items of a restaurant and the most often choice of the guests no matter of its price. It is mandatory to include them in a restaurant offer. Not only that it will affect to increase the traffic in a restaurant, but will refresh offers, facilitate the sale of targeted menu items, and be the silent partner in suggestive selling. Pairing food from menu with drinks and tasty side dish is proven and effective method to improve sales and profits. Using menu engineering and combo meals has not been typical only for fast-food restaurants anymore, it increasingly taking place in all other full service restaurants where Offer has been only â€Å"a la carte† few years ago. Erica’s 1 and 2 offers a lot of combo meals in their menu. It consists of Pork, Beef, Chicken or Fish dish, side dish, rice, and a regular size drink. The items in their combo meals complement each other. According to Carline (2009) there is mounting empirical evidence to suggest that the law of one price is violated in retail financial markets, there is significant price dispersion even when rodents are homogeneous. Also, despite the large number of firms in the market, prices remain above marginal cost and may even rise as more firms enter. In a non-cooperative oligopoly pricing model, I show that these anomalies arise when firms add complexity to their price structures. Complexity increases the market power of the firms because it prevents some consumers from becoming knowledgeable about prices in the market. In the model, as competition increases, firms tend to add more complexity to their prices as a best response, rather than make their disclosures more transparent. Because this may substantially decrease consumer surplus in these markets, such practices have important welfare implications. Local Literature Foreign Studies French (2003) said that the individual dietary choices are influenced by the taste, cost, convenience and nutritional value of foods. Food pricing and marketing practices are important components of the eating environment. Recent studies have applied economic theories to changing dietary behavior. Price reduction strategies promote the choice of targeted foods by lowering their cost relative to alternative food choices. The studies that were conducted demonstrated that the price reductions are an effective strategy to increase purchase of more healthful foods in work place and schools. Reducing prices on healthy foods is a strategy in public health that should be implemented through policy initiatives and collaborating in the industry. Local Studies Esther (1998) Jollied Foods Corporation leads the Philippine Food Service industry by continuing to strengthen its competitiveness. It continues to be the most visited among both hamburger and total fast food chains throughout the country. The Jollied brand today is one of the most well recognized and best loved consumer brands in the country. She said that Jollied should continue to offer superior taste through their best selling products for them to stay as the leading fast food restaurant in delivering the highest quality standards of products and customer service. Their proposed plan aims to strengthen its market leadership by focusing on the 1 5 to 40 years old male and female market from classes C and D. The proposed marketing plan will present a more filling meal combo at an affordable price f POP to target medium heavy eaters. It also aims to provide Jollied consumers with more variety in value meal combinations. To evaluate the proposed plan, monthly sales monitoring and transaction reports will be done. Product Quality Surveys will also be conducted to monitor consumers’ acceptance of the product. Periscope’s has the most number of branch of fast food in Mandible area. All the branches offer the same menu. They must offer valuable meals for them to attract more customers. They should also know about the budget of the students so that their products will be fast moving. How to cite Review of related lit and studies, Papers

Reflection from Week Two to Eleven

Question: This assignment needs to fill up the portfolio templates for every week. and there are about 10 portfolio's and at last one final consolidated portfolio has to be submitted in a word file (consolidated portfolio should be an essay). Answer: From the portfolio of week-2, I have come to understand the underlying basics of project management. It allowed me to understand and relate the things that I do every day with the concept of the project management. The concept of the project success got clear after doing the week-2 portfolio. The difference between the practices of the project management at the present time is hugely different from each other which learned after doing the task. Through the analysis of the example of the project, success got clearer. I also learned about the connection between the project success and management. From the portfolio of week-3, I have come to know more about the project management. I did realize that the primary reason behind any project is to satisfy the client so that the organization can make the profit. Better efficiency, client satisfaction, increased reputation through client satisfaction and much more are the benefits that an organization gets through the utilization of project management. Through the example of my personal life, I have also described the connection of the underlying concept of the project management. While creating the portfolio, I also understood the definition of the system, project, and program. The project lifecycle and methodology are very crucial for any project management in order to carry out the project successfully and reach the objective. The study also allowed me to recognize the connection between the project management and continuous improvement. I also added a personal experience so that I can make others understand that I have completely understood the connection. The week-4 portfolio was about the staffs and managers that any organization hires. I was asked to provide the requirements that any good manager and staff must have. While gathering the information for carrying out the tasks I came across a lot of information about staff's requirements for being a great employee such as commitment, concentration, loyalty and much more. The project managers are needed to have a lot more quality than an ordinary staff. The leadership is one among them. To be a leader, the managers must be able to guide a team rather just giving orders. If any issue happens the manager must look into the matter rather just creating pressure on the staffs only then an energetic work environment can be created. From the portfolio of week-5 I came across the information about the influences that drives the project toward success. Few of the factors seemed confusing to me such as dividing time among the activities but after some effort, I understood that the use of the proper time division among the activities actually was one of the most significance tasks in driving the projects toward success. I also did know that the success of a project can be distinguished with proper procedures. The name of the processes was the bit confusing to me at first but after reading those processes' description, it was as clear as water to me. In the portfolio of week-6, I have done classification of the projects that assisted me to understand the factors that divide the business, developmental and technical projects from one another. While giving the description and connection of project manager with the functional manager, senior manager and line manager, I got the right idea about the organizational structure. I have utilized that knowledge for describing my career path. Before completing the project, my knowledge regarding project driven and the non-project driven organization was not that much clear. After searching the information and understanding the gathered information it became entirely clear to me. In the week-7 portfolio, I have discussed the steps of planning, confliction and work breakdown structure. While completing the portfolio, I have gathered the knowledge of the steps that is used in the planning phase which was unknown to me. Through the gathered knowledge I connected my supply chain automation project with the conventional steps. I realized that there was no flaw in my planning phase. Work breakdown structure is very crucial to any project. It divides the project into small and relatively easy aspects. In the week-8 portfolio also I have discussed the work breakdown structure. The project plan has a connection with the project charter; I realized it while doing the portfolio. Sow means settlement of work and it is used for enhancing the project planning. In the week-9 portfolio, I have discussed the continuous improvement. Through the gathered information I have perfectly established a connection between on particular thing that I do in my life and continuous improvement. At the time of creating the portfolio, I have come to know that the continuous improvement has an influence on quality. I have also studied the history of quality. In the Week-10 portfolio, I have discussed and understood about resources, the team that is associated with the project, scope creep, changes during project lifetime and much more. The scope creep is very harmful to any organization's project. In the week-11 portfolio, I have described the utilization of the agile project methodology. For that reason, I needed to get the sound understanding of the agile methodology, and I have successfully described the example.

The Power of a Campfire free essay sample

The moon cast a bright reflection on the gentle waves, as a warm breeze blew across Lake Manjo. I sat on the beach and buried my toes in the cool, wet sand as I felt the contrasting warmth of the campfire caress my face. Each soft chord of a nearby guitar seemed to echo in harmony with the gentle, breaking waves. This night resembled so many other happy nights throughout my ten summers spent at Camp Orchard Hill. The words of the songs still flowed effortlessly off my tongue, my clothes held the same familiar scent of smoke and pine needles, and yet this campfire was unlike any of those that now resided in my memory. As I took in the moment, I identified a thought that was coloring the experience in a new and wonderful way. This night was not about me. A smile danced across my lips as a glanced to my side and saw fourteen beautiful, little faces staring expectantly at their counselor. We will write a custom essay sample on The Power of a Campfire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At me. That night I found myself sitting in the place of those who had impacted my life in profound ways. Every summer my life had been poured into by loving young adults who were generous with their time as well as their hearts Growing up, I held my camp counselors in high regard. I looked up to them and longed to be like them. At another campfire years ago, I came to the realization that I one day wanted to share that with others. I realized that in order to accomplish that goal, I needed to become someone worth emulating. From that moment on, I purposed myself to glean every possible ounce of knowledge from them and one day become a counselor myself. Throughout my teen years this goal inspired me. It caused me to carefully exam not only who I was around people, but who I was privately. I refused to put up a facade or simply play a part. If I was one day going to be a role model to campers, I needed to make sure that not only my actions, but also my head and heart were in line with the things I believed. I wanted to grow up and inspire a new generation of girls. I pondered all these things as I sat watching the sparks of the campfire dance like fireflies against the night sky. My heart filled with joy as I looked at my girls. I could see in their eyes the sparkle of dreams just beginning to form. Perhaps in a few short years they will be sitting in my place at a similar campfire. As we stared into the flickering light of the fire and swayed gently to the music, I felt as though Id come full circle. It’s a freeing experience to realize that these little moments really matter. If youre willing to become vulnerable and love with your whole heart, even a simple thing like a campfire can change everything.

Corporal Punishment essays

Corporal Punishment essays Whenever political rallies, television talk shows or magazine articles focus on the theme of living as an adult in todays world, there are always several of the same themes that are brought up in each. Morals respect and basic human rights are prime examples. Unfortunately, all three are not fully considered when we talk about another issue corporal punishment. Because, as it stands, the values that adults employ when dealing with each other are not the same as those they hold when children are involved. The issue was raised most recently when several members of the Christian Church asked for the return of corporal punishment, claiming that the ban violates parents rights to discipline their children. To this, I have only one response if every parent had an open relationship with their child, schools would not even have to consider such actions. A decision of this magnitude should, in my opinion, be viewed from a psychological viewpoint rather than a religious one. The first ten years of a childs life are the foundations the rest of their judgement is built upon. That goes a long way to explaining why, in todays society, violence has become a reinforced lifestyle. The effects themselves are not something any parent would want to associate with their child very often corporal punishment is seen by the child as recognition for the bad deed. That is one common occurrence. The other involves children who are subjected to corporal punishment being seen as inferior by their peers. Low self-esteem is a scar that humiliation and embarrassment imprint. The child is only punished for their deed once, but the results stay with them for a lifetime. My definition of a school is a place of learning. My definition of learning does not include fear and humiliation. I know of very few adults who would be able to live with a threat like corporal punishment hanging over th ...

When International Buyers and Sellers Disagree Case Study - 1

When International Buyers and Sellers Disagree - Case Study Example The nature of this case is complex. This is because; the conflict involved in this case entails two different perspectives on the shipment of the livers, with both sides having the conviction that they are right in their argument. The American shipped pork livers to a German importer after ensuring that the shipment meets all the requisite standards of liver quality for an American. While the shipment is received by the German, he observes that the shipment consists of 40% of livers that do not meet his description. Consequently, he sought to let the American understand that in Germany, the livers not meeting such specifications can fetch a lower price, and thus needs to be compensated for the price reduction. On his side, the American believes that his shipment has met the required standards and therefore, cannot compensate for the loss incurred by the German (Cornell, 2001). This conflict call for arbitration. At this point, the grounds for ruling should emanate from the analysis of who breached the agreement, and then, he be required to take the responsibility. The fact that the German importer stated that the liver shipment should be of customary merchantable quality, does not indicate whether he explained the requirements for a customary merchantable quality of liver, in terms of sex of the animal from which the livers should be obtained (Frank, 2009). Since customary merchantable quality may refer to the conditions of the liver without entailing the description of the animal from which they were obtained, then the arbiter has two considerations to make. If the German had included the information to the effect that animal sex of the animal is a consideration to make in shipping the livers, then the American would have been on the wrong. On the other hand, having been told to provide customary merchantable quality livers to a foreign country, then the American had

Thorstein Veblen Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Thorstein Veblen Paper - Essay Example In his first, famous book, the theory of Leisure Class, he coined the system of spending as being â€Å"conspicuous consumption†. He was intensely critical of businessperson concerning their greedy and the tendency of spending money for things, which are not even productive. Thorstein Veblen described the wealthy class using hyperbole and some humours in order to show hierocracies of people who are wealthy. This paper will try to analyze the impacts of economics that Thorstein Veblen has contributed to, in the field of the economics (Peil, 2009, p.121). Impact of Thorstein Veblen in the field of economics Veblen in the field of economics makes his readers aware of American small-scale, which was intensely competitive was giving its ways for the large-scale monopoly trusts. He further explained by emphasizing that the monopolistic practices administered prices, which meant that, there was a charge in what the traffic will bear; as well as, the limitations of producing high qual ity for the sake of raising the prices and maximizing the profits. However, the case of the emergence of the leisure class which led to wasteful as well as, conspicuous consumption for status. ... While technological knowledge to be the common stock that is held as well as, carried forward by the community collectively, but it is not a creative achievement of the individuals who are working in isolation of self-sufficiently (Veblen, 2004, p. 103). Veblen continued to argue that every new invention in addition to innovation comes in, to a given degree, which is made by individuals. However, he is a social individual because every change made must always be made by individuals who are immersed in a community plus exposing to disciplines of the group life because it runs in the community and all life are group life. Subsequently, welfares that are generated by the social wealth are substitutes to the material output; however, it is a necessary condition, which is suggested to be for the long-term developments of the material output (Krugman, 2009, p.124) The bonds of interaction may be fragile, while the human society may be at a lower level of development if there fails to be st ructures of the community as well as, trust. Technology knowledge has become a common theme that is used in economics today. However, the study shows that, in some states for example Kerala, which is in India, the social wealth provided a foundation for high standards of living but less Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. A similar notion that seemed to have the same meaning to that of Veblen was developed. The notion was all about the social structures of schools accumulations. The institution is that to be suitable for providing a reproductive foundation for the growth and accumulation, since social wealth is able to promote growth at the same time to be essential to dimensions of the quality life. He explains further by analyzing that when

Research proposal is feasible to delivering package with drone in the

Is feasible to delivering package with drone in the nearest future - Research Proposal Example from this drones to cruise missiles that are also remotely controlled is the fact that drones can be reused and can lift payloads that are either lethal or not. Their importance is in the miniaturization of the cost of producing a full-scale aircraft. the inability to cost the pilots life in case of an accident and host of electronic masquerades that make them invincible in war zones. In an attempt to make automatic the systems that handle letters and parcels, various computerised technology have been applied. These are mainly used in the sorting of the bulky letters and parcels. In the delivery, manual transportation is used that involves human labour. In the delivery system, the automation of the process through the use of drones is a potential area of infusion of technology. In encouraging the acceptance of technology, the automation of services through drones could reduce the workforce or ensure the high level of efficiency that can result in the reduction of time. While using drones in the delivery mechanism, the reduction of the number of the mailmen, and the resultant cost is supposed to increase organizational profits, hours of work and accuracy of the delivery process. This aspect is what inspires the extensive research into the delivery process that uses the unmanned aerial vehicles that are in most cases referred to as drones. Despite being a potential area of improvement of service and the use of technology, the drones raises some economic, legal and safety concerns. The questions that will be handled, in their use, in the delivery system are: The method will involve a secondary research technique. The resources that will be used to conduct the research include books, journal, research articles and papers and information available on the internet portal. The audience of this research are companies that operate parcel delivery services and the other stakeholders like the federal aviation authority. The information that it will provide is crucial to

Study of Business Companies in Colombo Stock Exchange

Study of Business Companies in Colombo Stock Exchange Capital structure is most significant discipline of companys operations. The Study attempts to identify the impact of Capital Structure on Companies Performance. The analyze has been made Financial year from 2005 to 2009 (05 years) financial year of Business companies in Sri Lanka. The results shown the relationship between the capital structure and financial performance is negative association at -0.114.. F and t values are 0.366, -0.605 respectively. It is reflect the insignificant level of the Business Companies in Sri Lanka. Hence Business companies mostly depend on the debt capital. So that, they have to pay interest expenses much. 1. Introduction To understand how companies finance their operations, it is necessary to examine the determinants of their financing or capital structure decisions. Company financing decisions involve a wide range of policy issues. At the private, they have implications for capital market development, interest rate and security price determination, and regulation. At the private, such decisions affect capital structure, corporate governance and company development (Green, Murinde Suppakitjarak, 2002). Knowledge about capital structures has mostly been derived from data from developed economies that have many institutional similarities (Booth 2001). It is important to note that different countries have different institutional arrangements, mainly with respect to their tax and bankruptcy codes, the existing market for corporate control, and the roles banks and securities markets play. Capital structure refers to a mixture of a variety of long term sources of funds and equity shares including reserves and surpluses of an enterprise. The historical attempt to building theory of capital structure began with the presentation by Modigliani miller (MM)(1958). They revealed the situations under what conditions that the Capital structure (CS) is relevant or irrelevant to the financial performance of the listed companies. most of the decision making process related to the CS are deciding factors when determining the CS, a number of issues e.g. cost, various taxes and rate, interest rate have been proposed to explain the variation in Financial Leverage across firms (Van Horne,1993; Hampton,1998; Titman Wessels,1998).these issues suggested that the depending on attributes that caused the cost of various sources of capital the firms select CS and benefits related to debt and equity financing The relationship between capital structure and financial performance is one that received considerable attention in the finance literature. How important is the concentration of control for the company performance or the type of investors exerting that control are questions that authors have tried to answer for long time prior studies show that capital structure has relating with corporate governance, which is the key issues of state owned enterprise. To study the effects of capital structure or financial performance, will help us to know the potential problems in performance and capital structure. 2. Literature Review Modigliani and Miller(M M)(1958) wrote a paper on the irrelevance of capital structure that inspired researchers to debate on this subject. This debate is still continuing. However, with the passage of time, new dimensions have been added to the question of relevance or irrelevance of capital structure. MM declared that in a world of frictionless capital markets, there would be no optimal financial structure (Schwartz Aronson, 1979). This theory later became known as the Theory of Irrelevance. In M Ms over-simplified world, no capital structure mix is better than another. M Ms Proposition-II attempted to answer the question of why there was an increased rate of return when the debt ratio was increased. It stated that the increased expected rate of return generated by debt financing is exactly offset by the risk incurred, regardless of the financing mix chosen. Brander and Lewis (1986) and Maksimovic (1988) provide the theoretical framework that links capital structure and market structure. Contrary to the profit maximization objective postulated in industrial organization literature, these theories are similar to the corporate finance theory in that they assume that the firms objective is to maximize the wealth of shareholders. Furthermore, market structure is shown to affect capital structure by influencing the competitive behavior and strategies of firms. Firms in an oligopolistic market will follow the strategy of maximizing their output in favorable economic conditions to optimize profitability (Brander Lewis 1986). The theory also holds in unfavorable economic conditions; firms would take a cut in production and reduce their profitability. Shareholders, though, while enjoying increased wealth in good periods, tend to ignore a decline in profitability in bad times. This is due to the fact that unfavorable consequences are passed in to lenders because of shareholders limited liability status. Therefore, the oligopolistic firms, in contrast to firms in competitive markets, would employ higher levels of debt to produce more when opportunities to earn higher profits arise. The implied prediction of the output maximization hypothesis is that capital structure and market structure have a positive relationship. In corporate finance, the agency costs theory supports the use of high debt, and it is consistent with the prediction of the outp ut maximization hypothesis. Jensen and Meckling (1976) argue that the shareholders-lenders conflict has the effect of shifting risk from shareholders and of appropriating wealth in their favor as they take on risky investment projects (asset substitution). Hence, shareholders, and managers as their agents, are prompted to take on more borrowing to finance risky projects. Lenders receive interest and principal if projects succeed, and shareholders appropriate the residual income; however, it is the lender who incurs the loss if the project fails. It is difficult and costly for debt holders to be able to assess and monitor Huson, and Nazrul Hisyam. (2008) examined that the relationship between ownership structure and company performance has been issue of interest among academics, investors and policy makers because of key issue in understanding the effectiveness of alternative governance system in which government ownership serve as a control mechanism. Therefore, this study examines the impact of alternative ownership/control structure of corporate governance on firm performance among government linked companied (GLCs) and Non-GLC in Malaysia. It is believed that government ownership serve as a monitoring device that lead to better company performance after controlling company specific characteristics. We used Tobins Q as market performance measure while ROA is to determine accounting performance measure. This study is based on a sample of 210 firms over a period from 1995 to 2005. We use panel based regression approach to determine the impact of ownership mechanism on firms performance. Findings appe ar to suggest that there is a significant impact of government ownership on company performance after controlling for company specific characteristics such as company size, non-duality, leverage and growth. The finding is off significant for investors and policy marker which will serve as a guiding for better investment decision. Mohammed Omran (2001) evaluates the financial and operating performance of newly privatized Egyptian state-owned enterprises and determines whether such performance differs across firms according to their new ownership structure. The Egyptian privatization program provides unique post-privatization data on different ownership structures. Since most studies do not distinguish between the types of ownership, this paper provides new insight into the impact that post-privatization ownership structure has on firm performance. The study covers 69 firms, which were privatized between 1994 and 1998. For these newly privatized firms, these study documents significant increases in profitability, operating efficiency, capital expenditures, and dividends. Conversely, significant decreases in employment, leverage, and risk are found, although output shows an insignificant decrease following privatization. The results also show that Egyptian state-owned enterprises, which were sold to anchor-inves tors and employee shareholder associations, seem to outperform other types of privatization, such as minority and majority initial public offerings. B.Nimalathasan and Brabete (2010) pointed out that Dept equity ratio is positively and strongly associated to all profitability ratios in Listed Manufacturing Companies. 3. Conceptual Frame Work Based on the Litteratures, the following conceptual model is constructed. It shows that hypotgesized the relationship between capital structure and Performance of listed Business companies in Sri Lanka Debt Equity CS GP NP FP ROE ROI 4. Objectives The main objective is to find out the impact of Capital Structure on Financial Performance of the Business companies in Srilanka. To achieve the above objective the following sub objective are considered To identify the relationship between capital structure and performance To determinants of a capital structure 5.0 Hypotheses The following hypothesis is formulated for the study H1:- The capital structure has significant impact on financial performance. H2:-Capital structure is significantly correlated with financial performance 6.0 Methodology To produce the above mentioned research objective, the data for this study was gathered from the financial statements as published by Business Companies. In addition, another source of data was through reference to the review of different articles, papers, and relevant previous studies. For this purpose, collecting data of Business firms is used which are listed on Colombo Stock Exchange.. All firms are taken for the study representing the period of 2005-2009, and the average values of each item was considered for the purpose of ratio computation and analysis. 6.1 Mode of Analysis 1.Capital structure Role of debt and equity Debt ÃÆ'—100 equity Debt ÃÆ'—100 Total funds Total funds 2.Financial Performance Gross profit Gross profit ÃÆ'—100 Net Sales Net Sales Net profit Net profit Net profit ÃÆ'—100 Sales ROA PAIT ÃÆ'—100 Assets ROI/ROCE Investment PBIT ÃÆ'—100 Equity 7. Results and Discussions 7.1 Correlation Analysis Correlation is concern describing the strength of relationship between two variables. In this study the correlation co-efficient analysis is under taken to find out the relationship between capital structure and financial performance. It can be said that the what relationship exist among variables Capital structure correlated with R value R2 value Gross profit 0.360 0.1296 Net profit 0.110 0.0121 ROI -0.104 0.0108 ROA -0.196 0.0384 Performance -0.114 0.0129 7.1.1 Capital structure and Gross profit Table I Variables Capital structure Gross profit Capital structure 1 0.360 Gross profit 0.360 1 It shows the relationship between gross profit and capital structure variables. There is a weak positive relationship between two variables. The correlation is 0.360. significant level is 0.01. the co-efficient of determination is 0.1296. that is only 12.96% of variance in the capital structure is accounted by the gross profit. So, There is a weak positive relationship between capital structure and gross profit 7.1.2 Capital structure and Net profit Table II Variables Capital structure Net profit Capital structure 1 -0.110 Net profit -0.110 1 It illustrates the relationship between net profit and capital structure variables. There is a weak negative relationship between two variables. The correlation is -0.110. Significant level is 0.01. The co-efficient of determination is 0.0121. That is only 1.21% of variance in the capital structure is accounted by the net profit. 7.1.3 Capital structure and ROI Table III Variables Capital structure ROI Capital structure 1 -0.104 ROI -0.104 1 It indicates the relationship between ROI and capital structure variables. There is a weak negative relationship between two variables. The correlation is -0.104. Significant level is 0.01. The co-efficient of determination is0.0108. that is only 1.08% of variance in the capital structure is accounted by the ROI. 7.1.4 Capital structure and ROA Table IV Variables Capital structure ROA Capital structure 1 -0.196 ROA -0.196 1 It shows the relationship between ROA and capital structure variables. There is a weak negative relationship between two variables. The correlation is -0.196 significant level is 0.01. the co-efficient of determination is 0.0384. that is only 3.84% of variance in the capital structure is accounted by the ROA. 7.1.5 Capital structure and Financial performance Table V Variables Capital structure Financial performance Capital structure 1 -0.114 Financial performance -0.114 1 It illustrates the relationship between performance and capital structure variables. There is a weak negative relationship between two variables. The correlation is -0.114. Significant level is 0.01. The co-efficient of determination is 0.0129. that is only 1.29% of variance in the capital structure is accounted by the performance. 7.2 Regression Analysis Regression analysis is used to test the impact of financial performance on capital structure of the listed companies traded in Colombo stock exchange 7.2.1 Capital structure and Gross profit Table VI Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std.Error of the Estimate 1 0.360a 0.129 0.098 0.32306 The above table shows the weak positive correlation between the capital structure and gross profit. Table VII Model Un standardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t sig B Std.Error Beta 1(constant) Capital structure 0.187 0.047 0.073 0.023 0.360 2.556 2.039 0.016 0.051 The above table indicates the coefficient of correlation between the capital structure and gross profit. multiple r2 is 0.1296. only 1.29% of variance of gross profit is accurate by the capital structure. But, remaining 98.21% of variance with gross profit is attributed to other factors. 7.2.2 Capital structure and Net profit Table VIII Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std.Error of the Estimate 1 0.110a 0.012 -0.023 0.36514 The above table shows the weak negative correlation between the capital structure and net profit. Table IX Model Un standardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t sig B Std.Error Beta 1(constant) Capital structure 0.124 -0.015 0.083 0.026 -0.110 1.498 -0.584 0.145 0.564 The above table indicates the coefficient of correlation between the capital structure and net profit. Multiple r2 is 0.012. Only 1.2% of variance of net profit is accurate by the capital structure. But, remaining 98.8 % of variance with net profit is attributed to other factors 7.2.3Capital structure and ROI Table X Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std.Error of the Estimate 1 0.104a 0.011 -0.025 115.19484 The above table shows the weak positive correlation between the capital structure and ROI. Table XI Model Un standardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t sig B Std.Error Beta 1(constant) Capital structure 31.283 -4.563 26.050 8.250 -0.104 1.201 -0.553 0.240 0.585 The above table indicates the coefficient of correlation between the capital structure and ROI. Multiple r2 is 0.011. Only 1.1% of variance of ROI is accurate by the capital structure. But, remaining 98.9% of variance with ROI is attributed to other factors 7.2.4 Capital structure and ROA Table XII Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std.Error of the Estimate 1 0.196a 0.039 0.004 0.10866 The above table shows the weak positive correlation between the capital structure and ROA. Table XIII Model Un standardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t sig B Std.Error Beta 1(constant) Capital structure 0.099 -0.008 0.025 0.008 -0.196 4.020 -1.060 0.000 0.298 The above table indicates the coefficient of correlation between the capital structure and ROA. multiple r2 is 0.039. only 3.9% of variance of ROA is accurate by the capital structure. But, remaining 96.1% of variance with ROA is attributed to other factors 7.2.5 Capital structure and Financial performance Table XIV Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std.Error of the Estimate 1 0.114a 0.013 -0.022 0.98395 The above table shows the weak positive correlation between the capital structure and performance. Table XV ANOVA b .354 1 .354 .366 .550 a 27.109 28 .968 27.463 29 Regression Residual Total Model 1 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Predictors: (Constant), Capital_structure a. Dependent Variable: Performance b. Table XVI Model Un standardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t sig B Std.Error Beta 1(constant) Capital structure 0.704 -0.043 0.223 0.070 -0.114 3.162 -0.605 0.004 0.550 The above table indicates the coefficient of correlation between the capital structure and performance. multiple r2 is 0.013. only 1.3% of variance of performance is accurate by the capital structure. But, remaining 98.7% of variance with performance is attributed to other factors. 8. Concluding Remarks Correlation analysis explains, there is a weak positive relationship between gross profit and capital structure (0.360).at the same time, there is a negative relationship between net profit and capital structure (-0.110).it reflects the high financial cost among the firms. ROI and ROA also has negative relationship with capital structure at -0.104, -0.196 respectively. It is focused on the overall point of view of the relationship between the capital structure and financial performance. There is a negative association at -0.114. Co-efficient of determination is 0.013. F and t values are 0.366, -0.605 respectively. It is reflect the insignificant level of the Business Companies in Sri Lanka. Business companies mostly depend on the debt capital. Therefore, they have to pay interest expenses much. 8.1 Testing of Hypotheses Statistical Techniques Results Correlation -0.114 Co à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"efficient of determination -0.0129 Based on the empirical results of this study, H1this hypothesis come false .Because in this study the empirical results shows that there is a insignificant negative relationship H2: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“There is a positive relationship between the capital structure and firms financial performanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. At the first step of testing the hypothesis(H1), hypothesis (H1) was considered and tested for its validity. It has the following result between the capital structure and firms financial performance measured by performance measures such as ROA , ROI ,Net profit margin and etc. Based on the above evidence gathered, the H2 was rejected. Because research result is negative relationship between the capital structure and firms financial performance. H0: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“there is a negative relationship between the capital structure and firms financial performanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. After the rejection of H1, the Null hypothesis (H0) was tested for its validity. H0 was accepted based on the above evidence gathered. it has been provided that there is a negative relationship between the capital structure and firms financial performance(-0.114). 9.0 Suggestions and Recommendations The following suggestions are recommended to increase the Companys financial performance based on capital structure. Performance standards should be established and communicated to the investors. This will help investors to achieve the standard and take better investment decisions. Identifying weaknesses of investment may be best one to improve the firms financial performance, because it indicates the area which decision should be taken. Motivating the investors to help to achieve the high level of firms financial performance.. Political changes are very important factor in the share market. It is also determine the firm performance. Therefore, political should possible to increase the financial performance of the listed companies. Inflation and exchange rate also affect the listed companys performance. So, government should consider the economic growth to control the inflation.

Virginia Woolfs Jacobs Room - Jacob Flanders, Many Things to Many Rea

Virginia Woolf's Jacob's Room - Jacob Flanders, Many Things to Many Readers Listless is the air in an empty room, just swelling the curtain; the flowers in the jar shift. One fibre in the wicker arm- chair creaks, though no one sits there. - Jacob's Room The year 1922 marks the beginning of High Modernism with the publications of T. S. Eliot's The Wasteland, James Joyce's Ulysses, and Virginia Woolf's Jacob's Room. Woolf's novel, only her third, is not generally afforded the iconic worship and critical praise so often attached to those works of her most famous male contemporaries. Jacob's Room is seldom suggested as one of Woolf's best fiction; the novel has not generated the same encomia as her recognized masterpieces Mrs. Dalloway, Between the Acts, and The Waves. But Jacob's Room is indeed a revolutionary work in its original technical mastery, its mournful historicity, and its evocative tone. The novel is Woolf's manifesto in fiction of her unique enterprise to create character beyond the one-to-one mimetic method of conventional Victorian and Edwardian realism. Uniquely self-conscious and conscious of self, Woolf was attracted to exploring new modes of characterization, fictional consciousness, and epistemology. She is especiall y interested in exploring the nature, communication, and limits of fictional knowledge. Woolf's idiosyncratic mode of characterization in Jacob's Room is the epistemological complement in fiction to Eliot's formula for emotional expression in poetry, the objective correlative. While Eliot's description of the ideal artistic technique tries to be concise and formulaic, a direct mimetic correspondence, Woolf's technique is symbolic and metaphoric, collective, indefinite, and infinitely more ... ...Merry. "Virginia Woolf's Between the Acts: Fascism in the Heart of England." Virginia Woolf Miscellanies: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Virginia Woolf. Ed. by Mark Hussey and Vara Neverow-Turk. Lanham, MD: Pace University Press, 1992. pp. 188-191. Ruddick, Sara. "Private Brother, Public World." New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf. Ed. by Jane Marcus. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1981. pp. 185-215. Schug, Charles. The Romantic Genesis of the Modern Novel. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1979. Woolf, Virginia. The Essays of Virginia Woolf. Volume III. 1919-1924. Ed. by Andrew McNeillie. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988. -----. Jacob's Room. New York: The Penguin Group, 1998. -----. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Volume II. 1912-1922. Ed. by Nigel Nicholson. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976.